Letchworth - Wikipedia. Letchworth, officially Letchworth Garden City, is a town in Hertfordshire, England, with a population of 3. It is a former civil parish.[2]The town's name is taken from one of the three villages it surrounded (the other two being Willian and Norton) – all of which featured in the Domesday Book. The land used was purchased by Quakers who had intended to farm the area and build a Quaker community. The town was laid out by Raymond Unwin as a demonstration of the principles established by Ebenezer Howard who sought to create an alternative to the industrial city by combining the best of town and country living. It is also home to the United Kingdom's first roundabout, which was built in 1.

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As one of the world's first new towns and the first garden city it had great influence on future town planning and the New towns movement; it influenced Welwyn Garden City, which used a similar approach and inspired other projects around the world including the Australian capital Canberra, Hellerau, Germany, Tapanila, Finland, and Mežaparks in Latvia.[4]) There is a link to town planning in Stalingrad through the architect V. N. Semionov and an account of Lenin visiting the town when he visited England for a congress of the Russian Bolshevik party, then banned in Russia.[5][6]Development[edit]Before the Garden City: Old Letchworth[edit]Letchworth was one of the ancient parishes of Hertfordshire. The parish church of St Mary the Virgin was built in the 1. Century.[7] The village was located along the road now called Letchworth Lane, stretching from St Mary's and the adjoining medieval manor house (now Letchworth Hall Hotel) up to the crossroads of Letchworth Lane, Hitchin Road, Baldock Road and Spring Road, where there was a post office.

Letchworth was a relatively small parish, having a population in 1. The early days[edit]. Howard's depiction of the choice of town design as a contest between three magnets (select image for transcript)In 1.

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Ebenezer Howard wrote a book entitled To- morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (later republished as Garden Cities of To- morrow), in which he advocated the construction of a new kind of town, summed up in his Three Magnets diagram as combining the advantages of cities and the countryside while eliminating their disadvantages. Industry would be kept separate from residential areas—such zoning was a new idea at the time—and trees and open spaces would prevail everywhere. His ideas were mocked in the press but struck a chord with many, especially members of the Arts and Crafts movement and the Quakers. According to the book the term "Garden City" derived from the image of a city being situated within a belt of open countryside (which would contribute significantly to food production for the population), and not, as is commonly cited, to a principle that every house in the city should have a garden. The concept outlined in the book is not simply one of urban planning, but also included a system of community management.

For example, the Garden City project would be financed through a system that Howard called "Rate- Rent", which combined financing for community services (rates) with a return for those who had invested in the development of the City (rent). The book also advocated a rudimentary form of competitive tendering, whereby the municipality would purchase services, such as water, fuel, waste disposal, etc., from (often local) commercial providers. These systems were never fully implemented, in Letchworth, Welwyn or their numerous imitators. A competition was held to find a town design which could translate Howard's ideas into reality, and September 1.

First Garden City Ltd." was formed, Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin were appointed architects, and 1. Hitchin were purchased for building. In keeping with the ideals only one tree was felled during the entire initial construction phase of the town, and an area devoted to agriculture surrounding the town was included in the plan – the first "Green Belt". In 1. 90. 5, and again in 1. Cheap Cottages Exhibitions, contests to build inexpensive housing, which attracted some 6.

UK, pioneering and popularising such concepts as pre- fabrication, the use of new building materials, and front and back gardens. The Exhibitions were sponsored by the Daily Mail, and their popularity was significant in the development of that newspaper's launching of the Ideal Home Exhibition (which has more recently become the Ideal Home Show) – the first of which took place the year after the second Cheap Cottages Exhibition. A railway station was opened in 1. Letchworth's founding citizens, attracted by the promise of a better life, were often caricatured by outsiders as idealistic and otherworldly. John Betjeman in his poems Group Life: Letchworth and Huxley Hall painted Letchworth people as earnest health freaks.

One commonly- cited example of this is the ban, most unusual for a British town, on selling alcohol in public premises. This did not stop the town having a "pub" however – the Skittles Inn or the "pub with no beer" which opened as early as 1. Despite the ban it is not entirely true to say that there were no pubs in the Garden City.

Pubs that had existed from before the foundation of the Garden City continued – including the Three Horseshoes in Norton, The George IV on the borders with Baldock, and the Three Horseshoes and The Fox in Willian – continued to operate (as they do to this day), and undoubtedly benefited from the lack of alcohol to be had in the centre of the town, as did the pubs in neighbouring Hitchin and Baldock. New inns also sprang up on the borders of the town, one such example being the Wilbury Hotel which was just outside the town's border. This ban was finally lifted after a referendum in 1.

Broadway Hotel becoming the first public house in the centre of the Garden City. Several other pubs have opened since 1.

One effect of this is that the centre of the town is normally a noticeably quiet and peaceful place in the evenings. One of the most prominent industries to arrive in the town in the early years was the manufacture of corsets: the Spirella Company began building a large factory in 1. The Spirella Building, completed in 1. During the Second World War, the factory was also involved in producing parachutes and decoding machinery.

Because corsets fell out of fashion, the factory closed in the 1. Another significant employer in the town was Shelvoke and Drewry, a manufacturer of dustcarts and fire engines which existed from 1.

Red Garden - Wikipedia. Red Garden(レッド ガーデン,Reddo Gāden) is a Japaneseanimatedtelevision series produced by Gonzo studios and broadcast in Japan on TV Asahi since October 3, 2. The plot revolves around four girls who become involved in a series of supernatural murders happening throughout the vicinity of a fictional depiction of New York City.

It combines elements from typical American movie productions like horror, drama, mystery and musicals. An OVA sequel called Dead Girls was released in Japan, on August 8, 2. A manga of the same title began serialization in the seinen manga magazine Comic Birz on August 3. The first tankōbon was released on February 2. Red Garden employs a technique often used by animated productions outside Japan, but rarely used in Japanese animation.[1] The characters' dialogue is animated after the work of the voice cast, synchronizing the animation with the voice actors' voices. The synchronization is particularly evident in scenes where characters are singing (occurring in some of the earlier episodes).

Red Garden was licensed for release in English by ADV Films for $6. DVD was released on September 1.

ADV Films' Anime Network began airing the anime on September 1. Subscription On Demand platform.[4] On March 6, 2. Free On Demand platform. FUNimation now has licensing rights to Red Garden.[5]TV Series[edit]Kate, Rachel, Rose, and Claire are all students at a private school set on Roosevelt Island, New York City. Waking up one morning, all feel uneasy and restless as they deem strange that none of them can recall anything about the previous night. Their anxiety escalates when the school announces that Lise, another classmate of theirs and friend to all four girls, is found dead. The girls after a battle.

From left to right: Claire, Kate, Rose and Rachel. The following night the four girls are drawn by butterflies that lead them all to the same place. There, they are approached by a woman called Lula and her partner JC who tell them that they are already dead, and must work for them if they do not want to disappear completely. Later she explains that the girls were reanimated in new, special bodies and their real bodies are in her custody. They are revealed to be working for an organization called Animus.

Lula also claims she has the means to eventually return them to their previous lives when their job is done. On certain nights Lula and JC summon the girls to fight "monsters" that look almost like regular people. After a fight the girls feel drained and tired. If they fail, they will die for real. The four girls are involved in a centuries- old battle between the Animus and the Dolore clans. Long ago one of a pair of a Book of Curses was stolen by the Dolore and because of that they were put under a curse where they manifest as beasts and die. The Animus clan lost their freedom and were cursed with eternal life.

The Animus want to retrieve the book held by the Dolore and the Dolore want the book held by the Animus. Meanwhile, Hervé of the Dolore clan is trying to save the lives of his cousin and sister who are subject to the curse. To do this he plans to take the companion Book of Curses back from the Animus clan. The four girls find out that if they fail to retrieve the book from the Dolore family it will result in them losing their memories. This means that they would live forever but not not remember their friends or family. A considerable portion of the series is devoted to the complex personal lives of the four girls. The series explores their individual struggles in balancing their roles as fighters for the Animus and their relationships with family and friends.

Red Garden: Dead Girls OVA[edit]Set 3. Kate, Rose, Rachel and Claire have no memory of their first 1. Red Garden on Roosevelt Island holds the key.

They divide their immortal lives between normal school life and vigilantism. Then two mysterious transfer students Louise and Edgar Mayer seek out their friendship. The girls go to explore the Red Garden but are attacked by a giant robot. Rachel constructs a very stylish and fashionable robot herself, and the girls return to the Red Garden. They are again attacked by a more powerful mechanical device controlled by Edgar Mayer but manage to defeat it. Louise appears and is revealed to be a powerful android, who envies the 'Dead Girls' because they live forever.

Before she can attack the girls, the island's vegetation comes alive and envelops her and Edgar. After graduation, the girls decide to move on, planning to return in a couple of hundred years. Characters[edit]Main characters[edit]Kate Ashley(ケイト・アシュレイ,Keito Ashurei)Voiced by: Akira Tomisaka (Japanese); Melissa Davis (English)From an affluent family, Kate struggles to maintain her position as a member of "Grace", an elite group of girls tasked with enforcing rules and policing the student body. Of the four girls she had been the closest to Lise, and is the one who suffered most because of her friend's death. Watch The Watch Online Free HD. She starts to date Hervé, who is a friend of her sister's boyfriend, oblivious to his true intentions until he tells her in episode 1.

Dolore Clan and their enemy. Kate is extremely serious, and viewed as 'boring' by most people, something she admits.

She cares deeply about her friends, and despises Hervé because of what he had done to her, Lise, and Emma. She is the first to develop her abilities in the group, and in the OVA, she is much quieter, but still her usual self; due to her memories being erased, she has no recollection of Lise or Hervé, and thus, she does not make the comparison in their reincarnations appearances. She creates the theme song for the 'Dead Girls' group. Rachel Benning(レイチェル・ベニング,Reicheru Beningu)Voiced by: Ryoko Shintani (Japanese); Maggie Flecknoe (English)The "popular girl" stereotype and the most mentally unstable of the girls, Rachel had a boyfriend and an active social life before her untimely death. She finds it difficult to reconcile her old existence with her current situation, sometimes straining her relationship with her boyfriend. She finds comfort in talking to her Literature teacher whom she regularly meets as the cafe to talk about books as well as drink coffee. She obsesses about her nails, and fashion, and when her friend Amanda stole her boyfriend, she acted as if she didn't care, which deeply angered Amanda.

Eventually, she loses all ties to her friends. She is potentially the most aggressive in combat.