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Kythira - Wikipedia. Kythira (, ; Greek: Κύθηρα[ˈciθiɾa], also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira[2]) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south- eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands regional unit, which is part of the Attica region (although at large distance from Attica itself). The island is strategically located between the Greek mainland and Crete, and from ancient times until the mid 1. As such, it has had a long and varied history and has been influenced by many civilisations and cultures. This is reflected in its architecture (a blend of traditional, Aegean and Venetian elements), as well as the traditions and customs, influenced by centuries of coexistence of the Greek, Venetian, and Ottoman cultures.

Administration[edit]Kythira and the nearby island of Antikythira were separate municipalities until they were merged at the 2. The municipality has an area of 3. The province of Kythira (Greek: Επαρχία Κυθήρων) was one of the provinces of the Piraeus Prefecture.

It had the same territory as the present municipality Kythira. It was abolished in 2. History[edit]Pre- classical and ancient[edit]There are archaeological remains from the Helladic period, contemporary with the Minoans.

There is archaeological evidence of Kythiran trade as far as Egypt and Mesopotamia. Kythira had a Phoenician colony in the early archaic age; the sea- snail which produces Tyrian purple is native to the island. The Walking Dead Saison 7 Episode 1 Streaming Vostfr. Xenophon refers to a Phoenician Bay in Kythira (Hellenica 4. Avlemonas Bay on the eastern side of the island). The archaic Greek city of Kythira was at Scandea on Avlemonas; its ruins have been excavated.

Its acropolis, now Palicastro (Palaeocastron, "Old Fort"), has the temple of Aphrodite Ourania, who may well represent a Phoenician cult of Astarte. In classical times, Kythira was part of the territory of several larger city- states. Sparta took the island from Argos early in the sixth century, and ruled it under a kytherodíkes (kυθηροδίκης, "judge on Kythira"), in Thucydides' time [4,5. Athens occupied it three times when at war with Sparta (in 4. Sparta and the Peloponnesians; from 4.

Peloponnesian War; and from 3. Corinthian War against Spartan dominance) and used it both to support her trade and to raid Laconia. Kythira was independent, and issued her own coins, in 1. Achaean defeat of Sparta. In Augustus' time, it was again subject to Sparta, being the property of Gaius Julius Eurycles, who was both a Spartan magnate and a Roman citizen.

By this time, the Greek cities were in practice subject to the Roman Empire. Kythira continued to exist under the Roman Empire and its Byzantine successor state for centuries. Christianity is attested from the fourth century AD, the time of Constantine; according to her legend, Saint Elessa came from Laconia to convert the island.[5]Medieval and modern[edit].

Katouni bridge (1. Kythira is not mentioned in the literary sources for centuries after its conversion; in the period of Byzantine weakness at the end of the seventh century, it might have been exposed to attacks from both the Slavic tribes who raided the mainland and from Arab pirates from the sea.

Archaeological evidence suggests the island was abandoned about 7. AD. When Saint Theodore of Cythera led a resettlement after the Byzantine reconquest of Crete in 9. He established a great monastery at Paliochora; a town grew up around it, largely populated from Laconia. When the Byzantine Empire was divided among the conquerors of the Fourth Crusade, the Republic of Venice took her share, three eighths of the whole, as the Greek islands, Kythira among them. She established a coast patrol on Kythira and Antikythera to protect her trade route to Constantinople; Kythira was one of the islands Venice continued to hold despite the Greek reconquest of Constantinople and the Turkish presence all over the Near East.[6] During the Venetian domination the island was known as Cerigo.

Ottomans called this island Chuha Island (tr: Çuha Adası). Kythirans still talk about the destruction and looting of Paliochora by Barbarossa; it has become an intrinsic part of the Kytherian folklore. One can easily accept the stories of locals by noticing the number of monasteries embedded in the rocky hillsides to avoid destruction by the pirates. Barbary pirates ranged across the Mediterranean waters, raiding ships, coasts and islands, taking booty and slaves for the Barbary slave trade. Kythira was at the mercy of Barbary pirates due to its strategic location in the Mediterrean. In order to intercept merchant vessels, islands along the trade routes were of course more interesting for pirates.[7] In the 1. Sapientza (Kalamatas) south of Messinia (district in south- western part of the Peloponnese), Cergio (Kythira) south of the south- eastern tip of the Peloponnese, and along the coast of Asia minor, the then deserted islands of Fourni southwest of Samos, and the island of Psara, west of Chios, all functioned as pirates nests.[8]When Napoleonput an end to the Venetian Republic in 1.

Kythira was among the islands incorporated in that most distant départment of France, called Mer- Égée. Kythira shared a common destiny with the other Ionian islands during the turbulent Napoleonic era, and is still regarded as one of them; it was counted as one of the Cyclades in antiquity. In 1. 79. 9, the Ionian islands became the Septinsular Republic, nominally under Ottoman suzerainty, but in practice dominated by Russia. In 1. 80. 7, France took them back only to have the British seize the islands in 1.

United States of the Ionian Islands. The British held them for nearly half a century; under the British, they were governed by a High Commissioner who could act with both legislative and executive powers. After a long history of turbulence, never settled even by such eminent Commissioners as William Ewart Gladstone, the British discussion whether they were a waste of money or a vital Imperial possession ended with the cession of the Ionian Islands, including Kythira, to the new King George I of Greece, who was brother- in- law to the Prince of Wales. Under the British, Kythira was known as Carigo or Cerigo, as was its chief town, the name it had under the Venetian Republic. Deer Crossing Movie Watch Online.

The chief town of the island, Kythira (or Chora, "village") has the Historical Archives of Kythira, the second largest in the Ionian islands, after Corfu. Geography[edit]Kythira has a land area of 2. Aegean Sea, behind Cape Malea.[9] The rugged terrain is a result of prevailing winds from the surrounding seas which have shaped its shores into steep rocky cliffs with deep bays. The island has many beaches, of various composition and size; only half of them can be reached by road through the mountainous terrain of the island.

The Kythirian Straits are nearby. Kythira is close to the Hellenic arcplate boundary zone, and thus highly prone to earthquakes.

Many earthquakes in recorded history have had their epicentres near or on the island. Probably the largest in recent times is the 1. Mitata, that caused significant damage as well as limited loss of life. It has had two major earthquakes in the 2.

November 5, 2. 00. Richter scale and the earthquake of January 8, 2. Richter scale. The epicenter of the latter was in the sea about 2. Kythira, with a focus at a depth of approximately 7. Many buildings were damaged, particularly old ones, mostly in the village of Mitata, but with no loss of life. It was felt as far as Italy, Egypt, Malta and Jordan. Climate[edit]Kythira has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification.

Csa) with mild, rainy winters and warm to hot dry summers.[1. Climate data for Kythira Island.

Month. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Record high °C (°F)2. Average high °C (°F)1.

Daily mean °C (°F)1. Average low °C (°F)8. Record low °C (°F)−1. Average precipitation mm (inches)1.